Contents

1. Early Stirrings

Perception torn from thinking. pg 1

2. The Intelligence of Perception (i)

Perception as cognition. pg 13

3. The Intelligence of Perception (ii)

Subtracting the context. pg 37

4. Two and Two Together

Relations depend on structure. pg 54

5. The Past in the Present

Forces acting on memory. pg 80

6. The Images of Thought

What are mental images like?. pg 97

7. Concepts Take Shape

Abstract gestures. pg 116

8. Pictures, Symbols, and Signs

The functions of images. pg 135

9. What Abstraction Is Not

A harmful dichotomy. pg 153

10. What Abstraction Is

Types and containers. pg 153

11. With Feet on the Ground

Abstraction as withdrawl. pg 188

12. Thinking With Pure Shapes

The functions of images. pg 208

13. Words in Their Place

Can one think in words? pg 226

14. Art and Thought

Thinking in children's drawings. pg 254

15. Models for Theory

Cosmological shapes. pg 274

16. Vision in Education

What is art for? pg 294

Notes pg 317

Bibliography pg 325

Index pg 339